Symptoms And Treatment Of Sickle Cell Disease Essay

Introduction If you practice nursing on a pediatric unit, you are likely to encounter patients with sickle cell disease. It is important to understand the underlying causes and the complications of the disease. Acute chest syndrome is one of the leading causes of death associated with sickle cell disease. It is critical to understand how to care for these patients holistically. Pathophysiology Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition that causes a mutation in the hemoglobin molecule. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible. In a person with sickle cell anemia the blood cells are stiff and sticky. This causes the cells to be misshapen and can become stuck within blood vessels. The disease process also causes a lack of healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout the body (Porth, 2015). Acute chest syndrome is a type of pneumonia caused by these sickled cells blocking blood vessels in the lungs. The syndrome can cause chronic respiratory insufficiency and is a leading cause of death in sickle cell disease (Porth, 2015). Laboratory and Diagnostics Sickle cell anemia is diagnosed by performing a blood drawn to check for hemoglobin S, the defective form of hemoglobin. Blood cells can also be viewed using microscopy to view the sickled cells. Acute chest syndrome can be diagnosed by chest x-ray. The sickled cells that obstruct blood flow to the lungs manifests as infiltrates on the images. After diagnosis, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels areShow MoreRelatedSickle And The Sickle Cell Disease1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe sickle cell disease affects about 100,000 people in the America. The most common ethnic group the sickle cell anemia is seen in is African Americans and Hispanics. Approximately one in every ten African American and one in every one hundred Hispanic Americans have the sickle cell trait. Approximately two million people have the sickle cell trait in America. 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John Milton Chastity Overpowering Sexuality Free Essays

Gennesis Carrion Professor Fulton 350:324 Chastity Overpowering Sexuality Even until present day, virginity is held in high esteem and considered a virtue, something sacred and worthy of praise. Being a virgin is a symbol of innocence, highly valued by religions and encouraged by them to remain so; it is something that only the bond of marriage is a worthy reason for its loss. Virginity is a symbol of purity, the intactness and immaculacy of the body and soul. We will write a custom essay sample on John Milton: Chastity Overpowering Sexuality or any similar topic only for you Order Now It represents the body has remained untouched by sexual acts and the soul has remained untainted by sexual urges; both remain unmarked by acts of foreign mind and touch. Virginity is the prominent theme of Milton’s short playA Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle [Comus]. In mentioned play, Milton confines sexuality to exist only with accordance to the sanctity of a woman’s chastity. He uses mythological allusions to support the sacredness of chastity and utilizes the character of Comus as a symbol of the malevolent factors at work tempting virginity to be abandoned for a more liberal sexuality whereas the character of the Lady is the personification of chastity. Before beginning the play, the textbook’s publisher provides some short background information in the preface. In such background, one learns Milton’s use of allegory between the characters in Masque with the Earl of Bridgewater and his family (the Egerton’s). The preface also states Masque’s â€Å"elevated conception of chastity was meant to disassociate the Egerton family from scandal†, such scandal being the Second Earl of Castlehaven’s (the brother-in-law of Bridgewater’s wife) indiscretions against his wife and female servants. This information provides readers a possible reason for Milton’s strong concern with chastity in Masque. Another possible reason could have been a commissioned purpose to aid the Earl of Bridgewater, and newly appointed Lord President of the Council of Wales, to establish a credible and respectable impression and reputation. Milton accomplished this with basing the characters of Masque off of the Earl’s children with his two sons being the brothers in the play and with his daughter being the Lady, the cherished virgin of the play, although this basis was never clearly tated thereby remaining allegorical. When readers first encounter the Lady, she has become separated from her brothers and is lost wandering through the woods. She calls out welcoming â€Å"pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope†¦[and the] unblemished form of Chastity† to protect her through her excursion. Her choice of aid represents her regard for chastity; she places it in alliance with hope and faith, two aspects connected to religion and of high importance. Not only does the Lady place superior significance on chastity, but she herself is the personification of it. Readers can truly comprehend Milton’s perspective towards chastity specifically in the passage spoken by the Elder Brother (lines 420-475). Within this passage, the Elder Brother speaks of the honor and power that comes with a woman being chaste; he is referring to his sister, â€Å"She that has that, is clad in complete steel†¦ no savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer will dare to soil her virgin purity†. The Lady is chaste, furthermore she is chastity, she has the protection which being so provides. Forms of evil will avoid her for that is to how far of an extreme virginity is held, that not even evil would take the risk of violating a woman’s purity. The Lady is free to roam the forest and â€Å"pass on with unblenched majesty†. She does not have to fret or fear any that may cross her path for none â€Å"hath hurtful power o’er true virginity†. Virginity, chastity, purity are the ultimate powers, the ultimate protection for a woman against harm to her body and her soul. Continuing with the passage of the Elder Brother, he also goes on to elaborate on what occurs when chastity is lost. He refers to the physical act of a woman losing her virginity (having sex) as letting in the â€Å"defilement to the inward parts†. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, defile means to bruise or maul and defilement as the act of being defiled therefore the act of being bruised or mauled; the use of this word to describe sex gives it an animalistic twist, a savage perspective. This causes sex to be viewed as an act too undignified and somewhat immoral to be committed by humans. Even religiously, sex is only meant for the purpose of procreating life, not as a means of pleasure. The Lady, being the personification of chastity, upholds all that is pure and denounces the vile obscenities caused by liberal sexuality: â€Å"that which is not good, is not delicious to a well-governed and wise appetite†. Her logic being that to those who have faith and cherish chastity would not fall to evil temptation and sexual urges. Those aforementioned evil temptations and sexual urges are what the character of Comus symbolizes. Instantly when Comus learns the existence of the Lady, once he hears her song, he is automatically drawn to her. Comus claims to have never heard â€Å"such sober certainty of waking bliss†; the sound he has heard is that of the Lady therefore bring the sound of true purity. Comus is instinctively attracted to the Lady and proclaims â€Å"she shall be [his] queen†. This attraction is an instinct, same as good versus evil or ying and yang; it is a balance of positive and negative forces. With the Lady being chastity in corporeal form and Comus being the personification of temptation, it is no surprise for Comus to desire to conquer the Lady and make her his wife thereby taking away her virginity. No longer being chaste, the Lady would then belong to him symbolizing purity falling for temptation. Comus attempts to entice the Lady by urging her to â€Å"be not coy, and be not cozened with that same vaunted name Virginity/ Beauty is Nature’s coin, must not be hoarded/ But must be current, and the good thereof/ Consists in mutual and partaken bliss†. Comus refers to virginity as vaunted, meaning it is a trait only desired for bragging of its possession; he does not hold it in high esteem such as the Lady whom places it next to hope and faith; Comus places it next to vanity, which is a deadly sin, therefore supporting his purpose of symbolizing evil and temptation. Milton utilizes various allusions to mythological accounts to support his extreme importance placed on chastity. He even states, â€Å"Do ye believe me yet, or shall I call/ Antiquity from the old schools of Greece to testify the arms of Chastity? . An example of such is when the Lady had been found captured and the Attendant Spirit called upon the Sabrina, Goddess of the river, for assistance to release the Lady from her entrapment. Sabrina fell victim to the jealousy of her stepmother and was thrown into the river; however since she was a â€Å"virgin pure†, the sea god Nereus took pity upon her and ordered her â€Å"quick immortal change’ into a river goddess while still maintaining her â€Å"maiden gentleness†. This allusion provides evidence of the power of virginity; due to Sabrina being chaste was she rewarded with immortality and an opportunity to remain in the mortal realm and utilize her newly-appointed power to aid those maidens in peril. Also, Sabrina retained her â€Å"maiden gentleness† meaning, although she is no longer considered a virgin for she is an immortal, she remains chaste; she remains untouched and pure and â€Å"un-defiled† as Milton would suggest. Sabrina’s purpose is to â€Å"help ensnared Chastity†, a reference towards the Lady, and therefore liberates the Lady with the touch of her â€Å"chaste palms†. Milton assures he refers to Sabrina’s palms as â€Å"chaste† continuing with his constant and repetitive emphasis on the virtue of chastity. Whether the reason for Milton’s strong concern with chastity in Masque was a commissioned service or to convey personal views, the emphasis of chastity is still the main topic of this short play. With the use of allusions to mythological historical accounts and personification, Milton emphasizes the sacredness of virginity and the power it holds. In Masque, Milton creates a world in which chastity makes a woman close to, if not completely, invincible. She may roam through dangerous settings with no fear for evil itself is not courageous enough to dare place chastity at risk; she has the protection of Gods and Goddesses at her disposal if help is needed; if death were to occur, she has the chance of becoming rewarded with immortality or automatically be held in praise for having remained a virgin through life. Same as chastity is acclaimed, sexuality is denounced. Sexuality is made to appear animalistic, savage, vile, a complete dishonor. A woman who gives in into her sexual curiosity is doomed in life and considered a sinner in the next. She loses the virtues associated with chastity and becomes a victim of her own unwise decision to not hold virginity as sacred therefore constituting chastity as the dominating power sexuality must succumb to. How to cite John Milton: Chastity Overpowering Sexuality, Essay examples

Essay on Affirmative Action on Social Inequality Example For Students

Essay on Affirmative Action on Social Inequality Social inequality, an issue that has been debated many times throughout the years, has discrimination, racism and sexism. Since people have to deal with this every day, social inequality seems like it will never disappear. However, society believes that their answer to solving this problem has been created, which is Affirmative Action. The purpose of affirmative action is to acquire more diversity and to control the basis of racism in America. This idea is to represent equality for women and minorities who work and are attending universities. For example, when applying to universities, they always ask about your ethnicity, depending on what race you are, you have the upper hand of getting into the school. This is how Universities are trying to bring more diversity and affirmative action is a great idea. However, looking at the sociological attributes to the idea of affirmative action, it does not seem like it is the best way to handle social inequality. In order for affirmative actio n to truly be a success in society, there are three aspects that need to be analysis: functional analysis (functionalism), conflict theory, symbolic interactionism. Through these three aspects, the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action will be shown. Pursuing this further, in the beginning, from the sociological perspective, affirmative action was approved in order to reprimand the African Americans who have suffered from discrimination through the years. Now this policy has spread to all minorities and are now seen as quotas where one minority has an advantage over another. That is why there are many people who do not agree with affirmative action. Certain groups can create an opportunity for themselves and only gain advantages that the people who were not discriminated could get in a lifetime. The only group that believes in this idea would be the functionalists. The policy of affirmative action is based on sociological premise that help people suffering from inequality. This function is supposed to create social equality, however most of the materials of affirmative action were written by non-sociologist. As the policy is analyzed more, a sociologist, Johnson, has experimental evidence that â€Å"affirmative action may increase racial hostility and not help social inequality† (Sabbagh). This is where functional analysis becomes important in analyzing the idea of affirmative action. Functional analysis is functionalism or structure functionalism where it focuses on society as a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together. The functionalist believes that affirmative action is valuable to society and detrimental depending on the side effects. The reason why it is beneficial is because they believe that inequality is necessary for society’s existence. Affirmative action is made on the idea of creating social equality for the minorities based on society standards. Since inequality is still an issue in today’s society, especially in the workplace or in the universities, affirmative action is supposed to be the solution to assist the minorities. For example, focusing on structural functionalism, the social norms is that women stay home and men work. However, due to affirmative action, women have a higher chance of being employed now than a couple of years ago. This goes for people who are minorities, but apparently the people who benefitted the most from affirmative action is white women. According to Times magazine â€Å"6 million women, the majority of whom white, jobs they wouldn’t have otherwise held but for affirmative action† (Kohn). This type of structure leads to more changes in the social norms and creates more opportunities for women. Also, minorities applying for universities have an upper hand with affirmative action, especially for African Americans, Latinos and Native American. Affirmative action allows these minorities to be accepted into their dream school, because of their race. Since most universities want more diversity, they would deny a white person, in order to accept a minority. This explains latent functions. For latent function, affirmative action has been the practice of â€Å"reverse discrimination† (Tairo). Since affirmative action is based on equal opportunity, it tries to give more opportunity to the minorities, but now the Caucasian people are suffering from it. For instance, a junior college is giving an† equal opportunity to an employer and is seeking applications from black people and women, including black women† (Park). This is not equal opportunity, because it’s difficult for Caucasians to be selected for the position, which shows how it is reverse racism. So in order to prevent this ideology is to try to limit the negative latent function, especially since functionalist did not want this outcome. Functionalist believe reverse racism is caused by the unbalance in society, which is the result of affirmative action. Crime and Social Inequality EssayOn the other hand, while functionalism and conflict theorist show the negative and positive sides of the affirmative action, there is still one more theoretical perspective that needs to be addressed, which is symbolic interactionism. For this perspective, affirmative action is becoming a situation of people’s assumptions. According to the definition, symbolic interactionism theory analyzes society by addressing the subjective meanings that people impose on objects, events, and behaviors. This could be seen as a way to show how people assume that minorities get the benefit of affirmative action. Once a person imposes their idea onto someone, it spreads on many people who begin to believe this idea. For example, affirmative action is seen as reverse discrimination, because not everyone is getting equal opportunity. Since both Asian and Caucasian students are suffering from being discriminated against at a University, they begin to blame the mi norities instead of focusing on the policy. They think it’s unfair that their credentials did not get them into school when they knew they scored higher than most of the minorities attending the university. However, symbol interactionism does not take into account that the large scale of racism that happens. Symbol interactionism shows how the system of affirmative action gives people racial identities. Since affirmative action bases most of the information on ethnicity and not the individual person, it shows how symbol interactionism focuses on the social interaction with particular emphasis on the interpretive and negotiating process. For instance, an Asian women applies to Harvard University, her credentials are great, but she interprets that she is not going to get in because she is Asian. This shows how she interpret the situation, because she has information on how affirmative action works. Therefore, affirmative action has many viewpoints in the theoretical approaches. There are positive sides to this ideal, because it gives opportunities to minorities. But there are negative effects, because reverse racism could happen. Even though these types of situations could happen, sociologist have tried to find a way around the problems of this idea. While the functionalist believe that affirmative action has its benefits, there will be the conflict theorists who think otherwise. As this topic continues to remain, soon affirmative action will not focus on race anymore and will eventually turn to class, but that is another side that will be debated in the future. In the meantime, affirmative action, which has side effects, can still be helpful in the future. Works Cited Jost, Kenneth. Affirmative Action in Undergraduate Admissions. CQ Researcher 21 Sept. 2001: 737-60. Web. 1 May 2014. Kohn, Sally. Affirmative Action Has Helped White Women More Than Anyone | TIME.com. Ideas Affirmative Action Has Helped White Women More Than Anyone Comments. Times Magazine, 17 June 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. Park, Julie J., and Amy Liu. Interest Convergence Or Divergence? A Critical Race Analysis Of Asian Americans, Meritocracy, And Critical Mass In The Affirmative Action Debate. Journal Of Higher Education 85.1 (2014): 36-64. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. Sabbagh, Daniel. The Rise Of Indirect Affirmative Action: Converging Strategies For Promoting â€Å"Diversity† In Selective Institutions Of Higher Education In The United States And France. World Politics 63.3 (2011): 470-508. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 May 2014. Tairo, Mario. A Critical Look at Affirmative Action Panorama TakingITGlobal. A Critical Look at Affirmative Action Panorama TakingITGlobal. Taking It Global, 05 Apr. 2005. Web. 01 May 2014.